TENS

TENS stands for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. A small unit sends a low-voltage electrical current through adhesive pads placed on the skin near an area of discomfort. The current is aimed at nerves rather than muscle, and the sensation ranges from a light tingle to a stronger pulsing feeling depending on the intensity setting. Units are typically small enough to clip to a waistband and wear during daily activity.

People commonly reach for a TENS unit for temporary relief from everyday muscle and joint discomfort, such as a stiff lower back or sore shoulders after a long week. It is often confused with EMS, which stimulates muscles to contract rather than targeting nerves for pain signals, and the two serve different purposes even though the devices can look similar.

When using a TENS unit, following the placement diagram that comes with the device matters, since pad position affects whether the stimulation reaches the intended area. Intensity should be raised gradually rather than maxed out immediately. TENS units are not appropriate for people with a pacemaker or other implanted electrical device, and anyone with a chronic pain condition should talk to a doctor or physical therapist before relying on one regularly.